Baksa district, nestled in the Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam, India, is a vibrant tapestry of cultural diversity and rich traditions. Home to various indigenous communities, including the Bodos, Assamese, and Gorkhas, Baksa’s cultural landscape is illuminated by a plethora of festivals that reflect the district’s historical legacy and communal harmony. This article embarks on a cultural journey through some of the most significant festivals celebrated in Baksa, highlighting their unique customs and the spirit of unity they foster.
Doul Mahotsav: A Centennial Celebration of Devotion and Joy
One of the most revered festivals in Baksa is the Doul Mahotsav, also known as Dol Purnima or Holi. Celebrated with immense zeal, this festival marks the arrival of spring and is dedicated to Lord Krishna and his consort, Radha. The term ‘Doul’ translates to ‘swing,’ symbolizing the playful nature of the deities during this festive period.
In March 2025, the Bhutepuwa region of Baksa commemorated the 125th year of this historic festival. Organized by the Bhutepuwa Bori Deul Uddjapan Samitti at the Narasingha Kirtanghar, the seven-day event drew devotees and visitors from various regions. The festivities encompassed Sattriya dance performances, naam-kirtan (devotional songs), and vibrant Holi celebrations, where participants joyfully smeared colors on each other as an expression of devotion and community bonding.
The Doul Mahotsav in Baksa is not merely a festival but a testament to the district’s enduring cultural heritage. The event serves as a platform for various cultural programs, including traditional music and dance performances, which attract thousands of devotees and tourists alike. The festival’s longevity and the community’s dedication to its preservation highlight the deep-rooted traditions that continue to thrive in Baksa.
Tihar and Shyama Puja: Festivals of Lights and Devotion
The Gorkha community in Baksa observes Tihar, also known as Deepawali, with traditional fervor. This five-day festival begins with offerings to crows and dogs, followed by the worship of cows and bulls. The celebrations culminate with ‘Bhai Tika,’ symbolizing the bond between brothers and sisters. Traditional delicacies like ‘sel roti,’ a sweet rice-based dish, are prepared and shared among family and friends.
Concurrently, Shyama Puja, dedicated to Goddess Kali, is celebrated with equal enthusiasm. The 65th Shyama Puja at Nikashi Bazar featured rituals such as ‘Chandipath,’ ‘dwipdaan,’ and ‘Boli Doityaraj puja.’ Cultural programs, including traditional dance performances and dramas, enriched the festivities, drawing large crowds and fostering communal harmony.
Baah-Gosain Festival: Honoring Ancestors
The Baah-Gosain festival holds a special place among the Sarania Kachari community in Baksa. This festival is dedicated to honoring ancestors and deities, reflecting the community’s deep respect for their heritage. The central celebrations are marked by various rituals and cultural programs, strengthening community bonds and preserving traditional customs.
Bihu: The Rhythmic Heartbeat of Assam
Bihu, the most celebrated festival of Assam, resonates profoundly within Baksa district. Comprising three distinct festivals—Rongali or Bohag Bihu, Kongali or Kati Bihu, and Bhogali or Magh Bihu—each marks a significant phase in the agricultural calendar and reflects the intrinsic connection between the people and their land.
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Rongali Bihu (Bohag Bihu): Celebrated in mid-April, Rongali Bihu signifies the Assamese New Year and the onset of spring. It is a time of merriment, with communities engaging in traditional dance forms like the Bihu dance, singing Bihu geets (songs), and feasting on indigenous delicacies. The festival embodies themes of fertility, prosperity, and new beginnings.
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Kongali Bihu (Kati Bihu): Observed in mid-October, Kongali Bihu is a more somber affair, reflecting a period when the fields are lush but the granaries are yet to be filled. Rituals during this time include lighting earthen lamps (sakis) in paddy fields and near tulsi plants, invoking blessings for a bountiful harvest.
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Bhogali Bihu (Magh Bihu): Celebrated in mid-January, Bhogali Bihu marks the end of the harvesting season and is characterized by feasting and community bonfires (Meji). It is a time of abundance, with communities coming together to prepare traditional dishes and engage in various indigenous games.
In Baksa, these Bihu festivals are celebrated with immense enthusiasm, reflecting the district’s agricultural roots and the communal spirit that binds its people.
Republic Day and Baksa District Day: Fostering Unity and Patriotism
National events like Republic Day are celebrated with great enthusiasm in Baksa. The 76th Republic Day was marked by a grand ceremony at the District Sports Centre in Mushalpur, featuring parades, cultural performances, and patriotic fervor.
Additionally, Baksa District Day is commemorated with various programs that highlight the district’s achievements and cultural heritage, fostering a sense of unity and pride among residents.
Folk Dances: Expressions of Cultural Identity
Folk dances are integral to Baksa’s cultural landscape. The Bagurumba dance, performed by the Bodo community during the Bwisagu festival, is characterized by graceful movements resembling butterflies.